Victim of Bullying and Their Characteristics

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Morgan McBeanOctober 4th 001Psychology SeminarBullying and Teasing

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Victims and Their Characteristics

Individuals are victimized for various reasons. With that in mind it is expected that most research does not support there being a specific type of person that is more inclined to being bullied than another person. The characteristics of children who are bullied are difficult to identify being that gender, race, and age do not seem to have a factor in who is likely to be victimized.

In regards to gender, surveys have shown that boys and girls are equally prone to victimization (Pepler et al., 177). However, the type of bullying they experience does have some differences. With girls it is more likely to see indirect bullying, such as gossip or exclusion (Olweus, 11). A person that is subject to indirect bullying may be ostracized for their physical appearance-weight, attractiveness, or speech. A large group against one individual usually executes indirect bullying. With boys bullying is usually direct (face to face). The act is more about physical contact and their need to dominate others (Olweus, 187). Victims of boys tend to be physically weaker than their bully. In contrast studies have shown that it is more likely for a victim of a girl to be physically stronger than her bully. In fact the bully is usually one of the smallest in her class (Roland 18). However female bullies are known to be more attractive and well known than their victim.

Despite popular belief research does not support the stereotype that victims have unusual physical traits (Olweus 11). However it is likely for the child with braces or crossed-eyes to be picked on because of those traits.

The temperament of the child is difficult to characterize. For some children characteristics such as withdrawal, anxiety, and low self-esteem are present before bullying occurs, for others the may develop as a result of the bullying. With either case victims often report symptoms of depression such as sadness, intense fear, tenseness, anxiety, and loss of interest in their usually enjoyed activities.

The age of most victims center around elementary and middle school students. Studies have shown that victimization decreases in relation to the increase in grade level. From first to third grade 6% of children report being victimized. From fourth to sixth about 15% of children reported being bullied. From children in grades seven and eight approximately 1% of these children reported victimization (Pepler et al., 17). Children in lower grades are more likely to be the victims of older students, while children in higher grades are more likely to be victimized by others in their age group. Another study shows younger victims experience more direct bullying, while older students are subject more to indirect bullying (Olweus, 1).

Peers almost always negatively affect the victim. Although 8% of students reported watching another peer being bullied made them uncomfortable (Pepler et al., 17), observations indicate that these same children will join in on the bullying episode by cheering or joining in, most having the fear of being the next victim. The positive attention given to the bully puts the victim on the outside. Most children will not tell their parents or a teacher about the incident for fear of seeming weak and incapable of fighting back, which the bully already thinks the victim to be.

An unusual type of victim is the bully/victim. A self-explanatory word, this person has been a bully and a victim. There is controversy as to whether this classification is even justifiable. These individual lean more towards being victims. Most of the people are the "side-kick" of a bully so the go along with the antics of their "friend". In actuality this person is not their friend, they tend to be verbally bullied into bullying others ie. "What Johnny you're not big enough, you ain't man enough…you're just gonna take that from him Johnny, I guess you are just a kid." Phrases such as this one provoke the child to prove that they are equal to their "friend" and is just as tough, and can be just as mean etc. These children are the most insecure, the least likable, and most unsuccessful in school (Stephenson and Smith, 18). The bully victim is set in a situation where their choices in most cases lead to an unfavorable ending. If the child stands up for his/herself they end up being harshly treated by the bully. If the child continues to bully it's peers then no one likes him or her. These children appear to be at the greatest risk for adjustment difficulties (Craig and Pepler, 15).

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