Was the Brutality of General Sherman¡¯s ¡°March to the Sea & his Georgia/South Carolina Campaign Justified under the Circumstances as They Existed in 1864?

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Civil War is one of the bloodiest war ever-fought on American soil. Despite the brutality, the war produced many famous war generals. General Sherman is one of them. Sherman is a controversial Civil War general. His ¡°March to the Sea & his Georgia/South Carolina Campaign had also became a controversial topic. Many people argued that his brutality during the march is justified while others argued that it was not justified. From my perspective, I think he is justified.

During his march, General Sherman destroyed railroads, telegram poles, and burned down public buildings. He destroyed everything that would contribute to the Confederacy war effort. By doing this, he not only eliminated all resources in the South, but also destroyed the Confederacy war spirit and defeated them psychologically. Much of the Confederates¡¯ home were destroyed. The South could not use anything for transportation or communication in the area within Sherman¡¯s march. The Confederate desertion rate increased rapidly during Sherman¡¯s march, because the Confederates feel that Sherman was destroying their homes. A feel of protecting the homes made the Confederates desert. The Confederate army shrinked. By doing that, he also destroyed the Souths will to fight. Sherman also destroyed the morality of Union soldiers. Instead of sympathy, the Union soldiers would feel numb. Then they will have a better chance fighting the confederates on the battlefields.

There is no doubt that Sherman¡¯s march contribute a lot of war effort to the Union forces. Even though Sherman used brutal methods to destroy the South, we can not forget his contribution to the Union.As time goes by, people will still remember Sherman as a Civil War hero.

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Please note that this sample paper on Was the Brutality of General Sherman¡¯s ¡°March to the Sea & his Georgia/South Carolina Campaign Justified under the Circumstances as They Existed in 1864? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Was the Brutality of General Sherman¡¯s ¡°March to the Sea & his Georgia/South Carolina Campaign Justified under the Circumstances as They Existed in 1864?, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Was the Brutality of General Sherman¡¯s ¡°March to the Sea & his Georgia/South Carolina Campaign Justified under the Circumstances as They Existed in 1864? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Eva Luna and Magic Realism

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Eva Luna Magic Realism

Eva Luna by Isabel Allende embodies magic realism. Magic realism is a perfect device in an oppressed environment such as Latin America, to express and voice opinions or use as a means of social change. Magic realism takes the harsh truth and everyday reality of society, wraps it in the silky evocative language of myth, magic and fantasy, thus creating a softened blurred boundary between reality and surreality. Through this blurred realm can the author interweave themes and create awareness of social and political injustice and unobtrusively challenge the oppressive views constructed by society. Magic realism in Eva Luna is evident and embellished through the structure and language of the narrative, the characterization, the contrasting environments, time and change, intertextuality, political / historical representation and context, and through themes such as death and remembrance, cultural identity, the use of storytelling and the union of opposites.

The structure and language of Eva Luna creates the basis for magic realism. The figurative, evocative language and vivid imagery fabricates the magic and fantasy of everyday scenarios Eva lives through. The opening paragraph places us squarely in a world of magic created to displace ourselves from reality. The language allows the reader to magically see, hear, smell and even taste the world as the characters experience such senses. Like the language, the story line is that of magic and fairytales. The plot is set as a myth, beginning with a clear title and character name. The main character Eva has heroic father and mother figure, a miraculous conception, and goes on a journey of discovery, meeting friendly helpers with magical gifts. During this journey Eva undergoes a magical transformation from a domestic to a liberator, rescues her love, saves the prisoners and lives to tell the tale. The fairytale then ends with the expected ‘happy ending' of love forever. But yet at the end, Eva suggests and admits that this is not so, that in reality love failed and that we ourselves construct reality in the image of our desires. This leaves the reader questioning and wondering whether the story Eva told of her experiences were in fact truth or the image of reality according to her desires.

Eva Luna is filled with a myriad of characters all in some form impacting the development of Eva. This collaboration of characters presents to the reader conflicting and contrasting perspectives of values and ideals. Eva Luna is a female created by a female writer, in a text that shows women as they see themselves, not as men would see them. This offers a construction of both men and women, that does not support popular views, or expectations of genders based on stereotypes. Eva is a woman empowered by her experiences, her imagination, her gift of storytelling, her lineage, background and her sexuality and she uses these gifts to move and adapt to each character. Rolf Carle is Eva's Masculine counterpart and lover. Eva and Rolf create the typical myth of two lovers thrown across two sides of the universe. Both must make their way to each other to become their complete self and gradually become whole. Huberto Naranjo is a brother figure to Eva and was once a lover. Despite his revolutionary ideas, never does Huberto allow revolution or change within his ideas of gender values and relations. This makes relationship with Eva impossible. Riad or also known as ‘The Turk' is the father figure to Eva. He gives birth to a second Eva by taking her to Agua Santa where he gives her, emotional and financial support, freedom, proof of existence (identity) ability of reading and writing, guidance and eroticism. As Eva moves and adapts through the different characters she collects family. Madrina is her godmother, Elvira is her grandmother, Mimi is her sister, Huberto is her brother, Riad is her father figure and Rolf is her lover (Note all male figures are at some time lovers- reflects Eva's attitude towards men).

The comparison of environments enhances notions of magic realism. A perfect example is the difference between, La Colonia an Austrian colony in the middle of South America and Agua Santa a remote town that thrives and grows in its natural environment. La Colonia is an imposed environment, artificially separated from the outside world. In the text it is described and compared to that of the stage or movie. It is so perfectly created to idealize and ‘act' as the perfect homeland with pure race, pure ethics, seemingly innocent characters (twins), perfect marriage and perfect love. All is perfect because of the escape the characters have from the true surroundings (reality, nothing is ever perfect). The environment has such wholeness and completeness that there is no further development with time (like a story ended, has no where else to move from). Agua Santa on the other hand, is not a perfect environment, but yet is realistic. It has a culmination of cultures and a thriving commerce. It is a place of creation and productivity where characters can grow and learn. Agua Santa is where Eva grows, sexually, intellectually, and physically. Here she has a sense of purpose and place, where as Carl only grows sexually in La Colonia and he feels ‘intoxicated' and ‘smothered' by it appearance. Agua Santa does not distill and preserve reality according to desires; rather it works towards desires through reality.

Magic realists incorporate many techniques that link to the primary feature of Hybridity. Hybridity links and joins opposing themes to create a more deep and true reality than realist techniques use (they just reflect world). Paradoxes within Eva Luna are common, using an opposite to create the opposite i.e. Life vs. Death (birth on deathbed, takes deathly encounters to realize importance of life), Light vs. Darkness (shadows and illusions/ reality and fiction. Takes fiction to come to the realization of reality), there is the paradox of words i.e. Palace of the Poor (Poor people don't have palaces) and the physical union of opposites (brings together the best or the worst in mixing opposites) i.e. Eva's parents (physically opposite, Eva gained the best qualities of both parents) Uncle Rupert's Dogs (formulated that best created through crossbreeding of pedigree dogs) and Madrina's twins (one black and white). Another paradox is that those fighting against oppressive violent means all gain freedom through violent means (Guerillas, Rolf and fathers death) Zulema (Riad and sense of duty) gain freedom when Riad was away, erotic purge with Kamal and finally Suicide.

As magic and myth cloud the narrative, a distinct sense of time is undistinguishable. From the evidence portrayed time seems to progress in a sequence (like evolution). It seems eternal, changing with time and flowing in a circular motion. This cyclical time sense dominates the narrative, fusing together the beginning and the end (foreshadowing) i.e. Eva's birth begins with the Indians and at the end Eva meets the Indians, the gift of the Belly Dance is played at the beginning and end and the nugget on string is a motif given at both the beginning and end of the novel. Tradition (storytelling and rituals) is circular and changes as it is passed down in time. Even the chapter structure is cyclical with time. Chapters One and Two introduce both Eva and Rolf while Chapters Three and Four each individually deal with the death of a parent and the moving to a new environment eventually coming closer together, two souls becoming complete at the end.

Reality itself can transform through the process of writing. Eva uses storytelling to emphasize and displace reality. An example of when Eva's storytelling displaces characters from reality is the impact Eva's stories have on Zulema "my stories... romantic ideas that distanced her from reality", Eva's stories constructed love and created the image of Zulema's desires leading her to be emotionally dependent on her ideals of love. Eva emphasizes reality through her television series Bolero when it was used as a device to express ideas and footage (guerillas) without censors and when Eva retells the ending of Rolf's family future (makes him cry in realization that it will never be). It's ironic, that although we live in reality it takes a fictional perspective to come to realization of reality.

Eva Luna writes with experiences for fulfillment of self. It is a literary oral tradition, she learns from mother to use as a tool of barter, survival, escape and emotional comfort. Eva uses words to change, recreate, change, shape, and distort reality. It gives her the ability to shape events through narration and represents Latin American women's desire for equal power and social justice. In a world so economically, socially and politically oppressed, words are of great value for "Words are free…reality is not what we see on the surface; it has a magical dimension as well and, if we desire, it is legitimate to enhance it and colour it to make life less trying" and one Eva's most valuable gifts given was the ability to read and write.

The use of myth and fantasy is a common form and trait of magic realism used to connect themes and plot with contextual knowledge. The intertextuality of One Thousand and One Arabian Nights and has a significant effect on the interpretation of Eva Luna. The story is quoted as in Eva Luna "…tell us a story to pass away the night". This is one of the only texts actually named in all Eva's collection of books. Riad gives Eva this story, and becomes "…immersed completely, losing sight of reality…erasing all limitations". The Arabian Nights tells the story of a Prince who takes a concubine each night and if he is displeased in the morning she dies, until Scheherezade is chosen. The prince that night asks for a story and she raptures him in such a story that he forgets about his usual routine. He falls in love with her and marries her. Thus storytelling keeps Scheherezade from an undeserved death, setting up the primal theme of salvation through Storytelling But also through her collective stories of myths and fables she saves not only herself but all women oppressed, putting an end to death and suffering by non-violent means. The significance of such a theme becomes evident when we place this in cultural context and the common writings of Latin American feminist authors.

The mythical use of a name is a sacred ritual, calling the previous unnamed into existence, giving it a destiny. It is intimate private and personal. When Eva Luna attempts to speak to a Native American Indian she is stopped and told that, "…it would be discourteous to ask. For these Indians, to name is to touch the heart; they considered it offensive to call a stranger by a name…" The title and first sentence of Eva Luna determines the name of the main character thus determining her purpose and destiny in life. So it is determined, to have a name is to have a purpose in life. Eva's mothers name Consuelo means to console (consoles Indian on deathbed, consoles Eva when afraid or alone by presence). Eva Luna's name means Eva meaning life and Luna meaning moon which is a cyclical matriarchal symbol that reflects life (reality). It can be predicted by her name that Eva is a character that is unwilling to let death defeat the gift of life. Characters like Jochen Carle denies surname as it labels and connects him to his father, a figure we would not like to relate or share future with. There are also characters lacking names. Frau Carle and the Mother Superior are denied individual identity because it is assumed by and labeled under the more powerful figure (Lukas Carle and God). Names are also stereotyped and categorized by cultures (El Negro, El Portuguese, Russians) and political figures personal names are excluded (El Benefactor, Lawyer) due to unimportance.

"There is no death, people die when we forget". The preservation of memories is a strong magical force that can resurrect life and unheard voices and defeat death itself. There are many forms of remembrance throughout Eva Luna. Storytelling is only one form to keep ideals alive and unforgotten. Without words "… it would be as if nothing happen- what is not void scarcely exists; silence would gradually erase everything, and the memory would fade" There are visual and verbal forms of remembrance (Visual- Rolf's documentary and Verbal- Eva's stories) but there is also artificial preservation as represented by Dr Jones cadavers and La Colonia. Dr Jones and Eva recreate figures so they become a positive rather than a negative figure and set preserved images of the figures to last eternity (Both shape reality to desire; shape memories to desire of how society desires them to be remembered) "…the dead came alive with an illusion of eternity; those who had been separated were reunited, and all that had been lost in oblivion regained precise dimensions". It is ironic that, like how fiction can grab reality, death can create and grab life. Attitudes towards life can change during death experiences. Dr Jones, for example, a man who dedicated his life to preserving death, realizes at his own death that life is more important. Elvira feared a pauper's death and brought herself a coffin, ready for death, then changed perspective of death and life when her coffin (her symbol of death) saves her life from a flood.

In comparison to magic realism, the ‘realist' novel is faithful to actuality in its representation of political events and figures. Eva Luna does not accurately record political dates or significant events, rather is clouded by the magical events of Eva's life. The characters who posses power are represented critically. Apart from Aravena and Rodriguez, the powerful figures in Eva Luna are represented stereotypically and they have a sinister presence. Revolts, skirmishes with military presence, corruption, glimpses into strategies employed by terrorists, street gangs, turmoil's in the capital city, tales of barbarism, coups, rebellions- all these constantly in the background of the text and although they are not accurately connected with the context, they create a realistic voice in representing class struggles. This complex and rich history and culture has affected the way Isabel Allende writes about her experiences. Historically, in Latin America, females have been seen to be passive, nurturing and sexually pure. However Allende's reality is in conflict to this image and Allende's construction of Eva is all but passive. Allende also claims that life in Chile is very political so therefore she does not want to write about politics or accurate historical events, rather the hidden history of passion, love and the events and everyday life of the people on the streets, exploding them into larger than life characters in whirlwind adventures based on themes of social courage and development; all by using magic realism.

The use of painting a dull oppressive reality with the bright vibrant fantastical colours of magic realism is a vehicle to voice the opinions and rights of the repressed on political and social change and gender construction in Latin America society. Eva Luna written by Isabel Allende, embodies and exemplifies the spirit of magic realism through the structure and language of the narrative, the characterization, the contrasting environments, time and change, intertextuality, political / historical representation and context, and through themes such as death and remembrance, cultural identity, the use of storytelling and the union of opposites.

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THE FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

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Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in THE FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your THE FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help! Technically, the League of Nations was still active until the end of the Second World War. However, by 15 it was clear it could no longer perform its main role - that of keeping peace.1. THE MANCHURIAN CRISIS In 11 Japan invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria. China was in the middle of a civil war and was not able to defend Manchuria. China appealed to the League of Nations for support against Japan. After much delay, the League condemned the Japanese and called for Japan to leave Manchuria.

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However, instead of leaving Manchuria, Japan left the League of Nations. Japan remained in control of Manchuria and the League of Nations did not try to stop the Japanese occupation there.This event marked the beginning of the end for the League of Nations. Britain and France were not willing to support the League in taking action against Japan. The Manchurian crisis seemed to signal that aggression would not be punished by the League.. THE ITALIAN INVASION OF ABYSSINIA In 15 Abyssinia was one of the few countries in Africa not under the control of a European power. It had defeated a previous attempt by Italy to invade in 186.ɨ In 15 a well-equipped Italian force invaded Abyssinia again.ɨ Haile Selassie, the leader of Abyssinia, appealed to the League of Nations for assistance.ɨ The League condemned Italian aggression and imposed ECONOMIC SANCTIONS against Italy. However, they were not effective. Italy was still allowed to buy oil and other essential supplies.ɨ Mussolini completed his invasion of Abyssinia and then left the League of Nations just as Japan had done.Why did the League not act more decisively?The League depended on leadership by Britain and France. In 15 France and Britain did not want to offend Mussolini in case he joined forces with Hitler. The British Foreign Secretary even worked out a plan with the French (called the Hoare/Laval pact) to offer Mussolini most of Abyssinia. However, he was forced to resign when the plan became public. 1The effects of the Abyssinian crisis were very serious for the League. It marked

Why did the League of Nations fails as a peacekeeping organisation? It could no longer be taken seriously  It showed that its members were not willing to use force to stop aggression. The secret deal - the Hoare/Laval Pact - had also shown Britain and France undermining the League.

No one, it seemed, was prepared to go to war in order to keep the peace. The Leagues credibility as a peacekeeper was damaged beyond repair. Force and aggression had clearly triumphed again. The world now seemed a much less secure place and certain states were encouraged to pursue aggressive policies to achieve their aims. This weakened the determination of Britain and France to resist them.

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Pius XII and the Jews

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Pius XII and the Jews

Throughout history, the Papacy has played a strategic and vital role in world events. The excommunication of Elizabeth I of England led to the final secession of the Anglican Church from the Catholic Church and led to England gaining control of the world's sea routes, which ultimately led to the founding of America.# The power and influence possessed by this chosen man has shaped in many aspects the world as we know it. The pope attempts to use this power to shape the world into a better place for mankind, but sometimes he fails. A failure of Pope Pius XII, pope during World War II, cost the lives of millions upon millions of Jews. Why did Pope Pius XII fail to speak out and denounce the liquidation of European Jews by the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler in hopes of discouraging Hitler and the Third Reich from moving forward with the extermination?

Pleas for the pope's public denouncement of Hitler during the war have been well documented. Many people felt that the pope, being the most powerful religious figure in the world, would have been able to persuade people in the favor of the Jews. Many of the world's most powerful and influential figures during World War II requested for the pope to speak out. Even though the pope had helped to save a couple thousand Jews in Rome, in private, by allowing for them to stay in Catholic churches, his public denunciation of the Nazis could have helped to save millions of Jews. One plea came from Hungary and called for the pope to denounce Hitler and to tell of his support for Christians who stood in resistance of the movement of the Hungarian Jews from Hungary to concentration camps. It came on January , 14, from Wladislaw Raczkiewicz, President of the Polish government, who was in exile. He wrote that his people

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"do not ask so much for material or diplomatic help, because they know their possibilities for receiving such help are slim, but they implore that a voice be raised to show clearly and plainly where the evil lies and to condemn those in the service of evil. If these people can be reinforced in their conviction that divine law knows no compromise and that it stands above any human consideration of the moment, they will, I am sure, find the strength to resist."#This plea came only nine days after the pope's Christmas Message in which he hinted to the actions of the Germans but never said specifically who was committing the acts and that it should cease. The passage in question reads "humanity owes this vow to hundreds of thousands of people who through no fault of their own and solely because of their nation or their race, have been condemned to death or progressive extinction."#This is the closest the pope came in his address in reference to the Jews. But, as one may read, never was Hitler, Nazis, or Jews mentioned in this excerpt. The Pope had made the vague statement in hope that it would silence his critics. The Pope devoted only one or two sentences of a lengthy speech to one of the most pressing and disgusting acts of World War II. This is the only documented negative public mention of the events transpiring in Europe that the pope made the entire time during the war. Pius stated later that he felt he had been very clear in his meaning. In an interview with Harold Tittman# shortly afterwards, Tittman wrote" The pope gave me the impression that he was sincere in believing that he had spoken therein clearly enough to satisfy all those who had been insisting in the past that he utter some word of condemnation of the Nazi atrocities, and he seemed surprised when I told him that there were some who did not share his belief."#How could the pope not realize how unclear his message had been? Also, the pope merely mentions the fact that people were being killed. Not once did he say who was responsible, nor did he even mention a single word denouncing the parties responsible for the actions. Many of the pope's close friends and confidants have stated that the pope spoke against the Third Reich in private. But the people of Germany did not hear what the pope said in private, they heard only what he said in his speeches and addresses. Tittman also wrote that"He [Pius XII] stated that he "feared" that there was foundation for the atrocity reports of the allies but led me to believe that he felt that there had been some exaggeration for purposes of propaganda."#The second statement is quite alarming. Let's say for a moment that he was right and there was some exaggeration. Is it any more alarming to say the Nazis killed half a million Jews rather than a million? Apparently, it made a difference to the pope, but to the victims and their families, it was still a great loss. Of course countries are going to use propaganda during times of war, but as the old saying goes "where there's smoke there's fire." There are not any documented attempts of the pope to look into the accuracy of these allegations against the Nazis. Another plea to the pope came on September 5, 144. It was sent by Isaac Herzog, the Chief Rabbi of Palestine, to the Papal Delegate to Egypt and Palestine urging that" the pope make a public appeal to the Hungarian people and call upon them to place obstacles in the way of the deportation; that he declare in public that any person obstructing the deportation will receive the blessing of the church, whereas any person aiding the Germans will be denounced."#Nobody can be sure if an appeal made by the pope would have made an impact, but we will never know because the pope failed to speak out. But we do know that by failing to speak out the pope did not help matters. It is possible that by speaking out, the pope would have possibly infuriated Hitler and made things worse for the Jews. But how could things be worse? The Nazi's were already killing Jews as fast as possible. They would stuff hundreds in cattle cars to move them to locations where they would put hundreds in large gas chambers.

It is certain that the German church feared the possibility of the pope taking a stand against them. It is clear that any country involved in a war would not want the most powerful religious figure in the world to be against them, but it was especially pertinent to the Nazis because of the type of situation it entailed. In the fall of 14 the Germans began rounding up Jews in Rome. On October 15, Bishop Hudal, the Head of the German Church in Rome, wrote a letter to General Stahel, the German Military Commander in Rome. The letter stated" I have just been informed by a high Vatican office in the immediate circle of the holy father that the arrests of Jews of Italian nationality have begun this morning. In the interest of the good relations which have existed between the Vatican and the high German Military Command... I would be very grateful if you would give an order to stop these arrests in Rome and its vicinity right away; I fear that otherwise the pope will have to make an open stand which will serve the anti-German propaganda as a weapon against us."#This lone letter establishes the feelings of the German Church. It proves that the Church of Germany feared that if the pope was to take a stand against them, it would hurt them, and they wanted to avoid this if at all possible. Yet, as a thousand Roman Jews were collected by the Nazi's, the pope still remained silent. This lack of action by the pope served to the Germans as a demonstration of the pope's desire not to speak out against their actions. They felt that by not being against them he must be for them. On October 8, Ernst Heinrich Von Weizsacker, German ambassador to the Vatican, wrote to Germany " Although under pressure from all sides , the pope has not let himself be drawn into any demonstrative censure of the deportation of the Jews from Rome. Although he must expect that his attitude will be criticized by our enemies and exploited by the Protestant and Anglo-Saxon countries in their propaganda against Catholicism, he has done everything he could I this delicate matter not to strain relations with the German government and German circles in Rome. As there is probably no reason to expect other German actions against the Jews of Rome, wee can consider that a question so disturbing to German-Vatican relations has been liquidated."#Weizsacker clearly felt that the pope had no desire to speak out against Germany. By his failure to speak out he hurt himself and the Jews but he helped the Nazis. Why did Pius XII not want to speak out against Germany? One of the most highly debated arguments is that the pope's hatred for communism in the Soviet Union was motivation enough for him to allow the Nazi's to continue their mass killings because at the same time they were battling the Bolsheviks. Possibly Pius felt that he had to decide between the millions of Jews that were being massacred and the suffering Christians living in the Soviet Union. By denouncing Nazism, the pope felt that he would be taking the side of the allies and condoning communism. It was as if the pope had to decide between the greater of two evils, genocide or Communism. The pope obviously chose communism as the greater evil. Whether this was the right decision is a matter of opinion. The pope said this of socialism in his Christmas message to the world on December 4, 14"The Church always moved by religious motives, has condemned the various forms of Marxist Socialism, and she condemns them today, because it is her permanent right and duty to safeguard mankind from currents of thought and influences that jeopardise its eternal salvation."#This quote is somewhat strange in that Jews were mankind and Nazism was a current of thought and influence but the pope was not speaking out against it. The pope clearly stood in opposition to Communism. Whether this was the true motivation for the pope's behavior, one will never know. It is merely a hypothesis as to an explanation of the pope's actions. Yet, there are so many documented occasions of the pope denouncing Communism publicly, and none of the pope attacking Nazism, other than in private, that one would be led to believe that his distaste for Communism was far greater than that for Nazism. The pope spoke out against Communism again in his Christmas Message to the World on December 4, 155."We [The Catholic Church] reject Communism as a social system by virtue of Christ's doctrine, and we have a particular obligation to proclaim the fundamental principles of natural law. For the same reason we likewise reject the opinion that the Christian ought today to see Communism as a phenomenon or a stage in the course of history, almost a necessary point in its evolution, and consequently to accept it as if it were decreed by Divine Providence."#Another explanation that has been adopted in reference to the pope's silence is that the pope had little or no knowledge as to the actual killing of the Jews. But is that really possible? This is what many of the pope's friends and members of the catholic church claim. In an interview in 166, Father Robert Leiber, secretary and personal confidant to the pope, stated"He [Pius XII] thought there were two types of Jews to be distinguished; those that were to be "liquidated," which happened in general in the concentration camps, especially at Auschwitz; and those who were allowed to live, as at Threesienstaddt. The pope was not entirely correct there. But that was learned only much later, after the war was over. The "Final Solution",no, he did not know of that! I can remember. We learned much, but not everything!"#This is the stance taken by many of the defenders of Pius. But it just does not seem to hold water. There are documents upon documents outlining what was occurring in Germany. How could the pope, one of the most connected and learned men in the entire world, be completely oblivious to the killings of millions of people? Some of these people even came from the very city in which he resided. There were many occasions when notes and letters were sent to the Vatican outlining the movement and killing of Jews. One such note was sent from Myron C. Taylor, United States President Roosevelt's Special Envoy to the Holy See, to Cardinal Luigi Maglione# on September 6, 14. The note itself is entirely too long to be reproduced completely but one of the more important sections reads" Without any distinction, all Jews, irrespective of age or sex, are being removed from the Warsaw ghetto in groups and shot. Their corpses are utilized for making fats, and their bones for the manufacture of fertilizer."#The note goes on to say that 100,000 Jews in Warsaw had already been executed. The sheer brutality and savageness of the events outlined in this letter are horrific. There is no doubt that the Pope saw this note. Yet, he still remained silent. Did he not believe it or did he just choose to ignore it? It would be comprehendable that he did not believe it if it had been an isolated letter and no other letters stated anything similar to this one's content. One even more dependable letter, which stated much of the same facts, was given by Colonel Kurt Gerstein of the SS to Msgr. Preysing, Archbishop of Berlin, with the request that it be forwarded to the Holy See. To this day, the Holy See has not denied receiving this report. It gives a vivid account of Jews being forced from cattle cars into gas chambers by the hundreds. This note was written by one of the people in charge of the executions. How much more reliability could the pope want? Why would a man purposely make up something like that in order to hurt the country that he served?

Another argument in favor of the pope's silence is that by publicly speaking out he would only be causing more deaths. On October 6, 14, Tittman informed the U.S. State Department that"The Holy See is apparently convinced that a forthright denunciation by the Pope of Nazi atrocities, in at least so far as Poland is concerned, would only result in the violent deaths of many more people."# There is foundation in this argument, but had he spoken out there would have been, for all intensive purposes, two possible outcomes. The first being that the Pope was right and Hitler would not only kill the Jews but the Catholics who impeded the extermination. The latter being that many Catholics within and outside of Germany would realize the maliciousness of Hitler's actions and slow if not stop the killing machine. Nobody will ever know for sure which one of these outcomes would have occurred had the pope spoken out. Pius chose to let the Jews die in vain. Even if Hitler had killed some Catholics, they would have died as heroes, martyrs even, who stood up for what they felt to be right. Pius also feared that by speaking out he could be endangering himself. But if the pope is too scared to stand up and sacrifice himself for what is right, then what kind of world have we become. It is bad enough that we already have a man trying to kill an entire race of people. It only makes it worse when the one man in the world who is supposed to be the epitome of piety, love, and sacrifice is too terrified to stand up for what is right and sacrifice himself for the benefit of all mankind.

Most estimates today pertaining to the number of Jews killed by the Nazi "extermination machine" are in the area of six million. Even if the Pope failed to know the full extent of German actions, how could he choose not to speak out, knowing that even a million were killed. The Pope had two possible paths to take. The first, which he chose, was to be silent and to allow the Germans to kill millions upon millions of Jews in an attempt to eradicate all the Jews of Europe, or he could have broken his silence and denounced Hitler and Nazism. The latter of which could have at least had a chance of stopping Hitler. It will never be known without a doubt what would have resulted had Pope Pius XII broken his silence, but we do know that his decision could have very well cost the lives of millions of Jews.

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Heart transplants

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What is a heart transplant?A heart transplant is a medical procedure also known as a cardiac transplantation. It involves surgically removing a diseased or dysfunctional heart and replacing it with a healthy human heart from a donor.Why do people require this procedure?This procedure is necessary for someone with a diseased, damaged or virally infected heart. As you know, muscles in our body require plenty of oxygen enriched blood, the heart muscle is obviously no exception and this is supplied by the coronary artery. If this artery is clogged by plaque build up or is damaged and not functioning properly, the heart does not receive the blood it requires and the muscle can die. This is not an uncommon condition and it causes heart attack and results in permanent damage to the heart muscle. A person with this condition would require a cardiac transplant. Sometimes people have a dysfunctional heart for other reasons and an alternative medical solution, such as valve replacement may be sought. This procedure is required if the patient has dysfunctional or diseased valves in their heart. This involves replacing the sick valves with artificial ones or bio-prosthetic pig valves.

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Seventy thousand valve replacements are made in the U.S every year. Another treatment a person with a sick heart may undergo is angioplasty, this is where a catheter is inserted into a clogged artery to physically clear the blockage and assist it in regaining its original shape and function. If no alternative treatments can be used then the person will be assessed for a heart transplant. Generally to receive this procedure a patient must · Be suffering from a chronic heart disease· Be in good health apart from the heart disease· Be likely to die without a new heart· Be able to live with the post-surgery lifestyle changes, e.g., drug treatment and regular checkups· Have had all other therapies ruled out. Donors-A heart donor must· Be brain dead· Be relying on the aid of a life support machine· Give consent· Also, consent must be given by family or relativesMany potential donors do not give consent.The Procedure-The operation usually takes between and 6 hours. The person is kept alive with the aid of a heart and lung machine, which pushes the blood away from the heart, artificially oxygenates it, and then pumps it around the body. During this time the surgeons make an incision into the chest and detach the diseased heart. They will then place the healthy donor heart into the chest and connect the blood vessels; the blood is then allowed to flow through the heart. The heart begins beating and the person is taken off the heart lung machine. After the operation a patient would usually stay in hospital for more than a week, it is necessary to regularly see a doctor, as they will need to see if the new heart has been rejected. The body recognizes the new heart as foreign tissue and the immune system will try to reject it and the patient will have no way of knowing. Most patients experience rejection to some degree but thanks to the development of anti-rejection drugs most survive. Some facts about heart transplants-· In Australia the average patient that undergoes a cardiac transplant, lives between 10 and 0 years. · 0% of patients survive 1 year and 70% live at least 10 years.· The operation can be given to someone of any age, however it is not as successful in elderly people.· The first transplant ever performed on a human being was in South Africa in 167.· Australia's first was in Sydney in 168.· In the U.S there are more than 000 transplants are performed every year.· The number of people who could benefit is far greater.· Also in the U.S 7% of people undergoing transplants are male and 74% are white.· 4% are aged between 50 and 64, and 1% are aged between 5 and 4.· There is a band called the transplants.A heart transplant is a great medical breakthrough, giving life to many who would otherwise die. Unfortunately not everyone can receive a heart transplant, due to a shortage of donor hearts. Many people could donate organs for transplants however they don't and if they do give consent the donor's family often overrules it. There is a long list of patients waiting for a heart and currently 0% of these will die before they receive one. This problem spurred medical scientists to come up with a "bridge" to overcome the stressful and dangerously long waiting period. The Heart Mate is one answer, developed in Boston U.S.A; this device takes on the role of the muscles in the left ventricle (the main pumping chamber) of a sick heart. The Heart Mate, which is about the size of a fist, is implanted and completely portable. Attached to an external battery the Heart Mate even allows patients to exercise. One patient has been recorder to walk a mile each day. This will give him a fighting chance when he finally does undergo a transplant, as his body won't be completely unfit. Currently in development is the Heart Mate II which could ultimately replace a transplant altogether for some. However, this would not be the first artificial heart.In July last year, a man from Franklin, Kentucky in the U.S.A received the first fully contained artificial heart. Robert Tools who is 5 asked to have his identity kept secret until early this year, when he requested a media conference where he told about his survival and his new lifestyle with a fully contained, fully synthetic artificial heart.The device called the "Abiocore" was developed by an organization called Abiomed and is the first artificial heart that does not rely on an external power source. Instead it is recharge by sending electricity through the skin to the implanted batteries. Bob's story is a massive encouragement to all medical scientists and gives researches a foothold into the resolution of the problems caused by common diseases to the heart.

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Flex-time

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In today's society, people lead very busy and demanding lives. Everyday people often rush from their child's day care to their full-time job, and back again as they attempt to balance a career and a functional family life. They not only feel the pressure of having to meet important company objectives and goals throughout the year, but they must also find time to run unplanned tasks such as children to the doctor, or special school functions. Employers are adopting new policies to accommodate their busy employees by giving extra vacation and personal time. Some employers have created, "flex time," which allows a full-time employee to work from either 700 a.m. until 400 p.m., 800 a.m. to 500 p.m., or 00 a.m. until 600 p.m. five days a week. The benefits for the employee are clearly visible, but how does this new policy effect the company's working environment? Flex time delays productivity, company relationships, and leaves the company at risk to be taken advantage of.

Companies are made up of several people at different levels, from the worker bees to upper management. All of the levels are extremely important to each. Management may depend on the worker bee to send a package, fax a letter, or pull a file. The worker bee may depend on management to approve a document or answer a question before they can begin their work for the day. When employees are arriving and departing work at different times every day due to "flex time," work flow is greatly impacted. Employees may have to wait several hours for critical job tasks to be completed. This is also true for those employees who arrive later and depend on those who have already left for the day. This employee would have to wait until the next day to accomplish their task.

Flex time not only impacts work flow internally, but also externally. Many companies have vendors, suppliers, or sister companies that they work very closely with. Scheduling time for meetings around lunches, vacations, and other appointments is always difficult. Flex time just puts another twist in there. The time frame in which meetings can occur is cut in half, which impacts the company's productivity.

Flex time can also create other problems. Although a company has adopted a policy and all employees and managers have to adhere to this policy, not all managers may agree. In certain cases, especially when the times in which an employee and a manager are arriving for work are different, the manager may be unhappy with the time in which the employee completes tasks. This causes unnecessary breakdowns in employee relations and communication. When employees are coming and going at different hours it becomes much harder to keep track of employee attendance. Unfortunately, there will always be people who take advantage of the special privileges they are granted, however, by allowing flex time companies put themselves at greater risk.

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In conclusion, flextime is a wonderful concept, however, there are many down sides for the overall company by establishing this policy. If the common adage, "Time is Money" is true, flextime greatly reduces the profitability and productivity of the company.

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Covering letter

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Covering Letter.Dear Sir/Madam,It is not often that one gets to address the Director of Admissions and that to with the knowledge that what ever is being written will be read and read carefully. So, Sir/Madam it is indeed a pleasure and, at the risk of sounding unctuous, honour to make use of this wonderful opportunity. What follows is candid reflection of what I am and I what I could be. Whenever I try to create perspective and look closely at what is going on in the world outside of me, I am constantly amazed, and many a time slightly intimidated by the awesome forces of change that are wrought by the routine actions of my fellow human beings. At once invigorated and flustered by the frenetic pace of our lives, I try to take refuge by looking inwards. I don't mind confessing that the view there isn't always edifying! So here I am, buffeted and pummeled by the turn of events that I normally should welcome and mould to my advantage. I've searched a lot, both within and without, and have finally come to the conclusion, more of a revelation actually, that an MBA at this point would define my life itself!

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In trying to understand what makes me happy or successful or both, I have often observed that the very aspects of my character that give me professional success also lend themselves to my personal happiness. Happiness for me is the greatest form of success. I have consistently endeavored to define myself, in the context of the Aristotelian ‘Golden Mean' and the Herakleion ‘Constant Flux' and kant's ‘a priori' concepts. For me integrity is the Olympian among human attributes. Everything else must come second. Enthusiasm, empathy, forbearance, self-belief, compassion all are a must for my development. Each one is a deeply significant philosophical paradigm for me.I am a "______________" in "__________________", channel partners of M/s. ______________________________. I have ______ people reporting to me directly. Many of our clients are household names out here. But, there is nothing domestic or domesticated about the situations that we, my colleagues and I, encounter during the course of our work. From the indifferent government officers to the equally intractable clerks, from the unpredictable train schedules to the maddeningly frustrating transportation delays, we have seen them all. We have also been witness to some of the tidiest plans go awry and reduce the planner to emotional felly.So, to obviate all the emotional traps that can hamstring the best laid plans, I have deliberately taught myself the singular ability to confront uncertainty, however overwhelming it may be, and still retain the ability to function at my peak. This has always been my contribution to any group that I was a part of. I am a very effective "shock absorber"!!That Sir/Madam, is I in a nutshell. Thank you once again.Tippie-If cultural diversity and linguistic profusion were taken as the predominant criteria to judge a country's importance, then, India would win hands down. Further, if historical ancientness of a people were to form the basis of judging a country's depth, then too, my country would be at the forefront. I would not want to sound as though I am pushing a point too far it is very easy to tend towards hyperbole in these matters, but it still does not detract from the fact that I am, inescapably and inextricably, a part, a minuscule one but all the same a part, of the flow and inter weaving of a mind-boggling roiling of languages and cultures as yet unheard of in any country since man first took the hesitant steps in creating civilization.I am by birth at Rajputh. A community of people historically given to rule. I was born in Durgapur and brought up in Visakhapatnam a city on the eastern coast of India in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Our state language is Telugu. Our population is around Seventy million (Remember this is India!!). But why am I indulging in prosaic statistics? The answer is not only obvious but stunning too. If I were to take a compass and adjust its reach to around five hundred kilometers (we are here talking of a slightly large, hypothetical compass) and then draw a circle, this is what would happen I would be drawing a circle that would encompass the densest population, include peoples who speak a dozen languages and hundreds of dialects, peoples who have been living side by side for generations but differ so much linguistically and culturally that they could be from different worlds!! Visakhapatnam herself, a rapidly expanding city, attracts migrants whose language is, as far as its intelligibility is concerned, Aramaic to me! Closer home my neighbors worship Gods I haven't heard of!! My history teacher used to speak of tribal people, hardly a hundred kilometers from our city, with a matriarchal society not averse to bouts of cannibalism!!! What a magnificently wonderful and incomprehensible potpourri!!! Cultural, linguistic and Anthropological?? Most importantly, when I do have to interact with these people, mercifully excluding those tribals, what do I learn? Plenty. For one, spoken language isn't really as important as we think. Almost any part of the body can be used to communicate. Two, we don't really need to have anything in common to respect and like each other. It is enough if we have the desire. Everything else follows. Finally, we can disagree and do so very vociferously, yet, create extremely constructive and resilient bonds between us. To share these messages would be my unique contribution to my classmates.One last point. It isn't as though I could ‘can' these feelings here, hermetically seal them and pop them out later like a trite trick of legerdemain used by a magician who had seen better days. Rather, I fervently believe in them, live by their timeless wisdom and would not in the least mind having them as my epitaph.‘The true test of civilization is, not the census,nor the size of cities, nor the cropsno,but the kind of man the country turns out.'Ralph Waldo Emerson

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